Comparison of Androgen Receptor Expression in Patients with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia and Adenocarcinoma Prostate Sriwijaya Journal of Surgery

epithelial secretory benign malignant androgen receptor (AR). to analyse the comparison of expression in hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma prostate. Methods: The design of this research is analiytical study with cross sectional approach. The samples are 18 cases of benign prostate hyperplasia and 20 cases of adenocarcinoma prostate. The samples are observed only once and at a time. Results: The average age of the adenocarcinoma prostate case was 63.95 ± 12.03 years (age range 33-84 years) while in the benign prostate hyperplasia case, the average age was 66.78 ± 9.49 (age range 54 – 89 years). There are no different about the expression of AR in benign prostate hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma prostate used Allred scores. There was a weak and negative correlation between Gleason score and AR expression in the adenocarcinoma prostate case group (p=0.237). Conclusion There are no differences related to the expression of AR between the case of adenocarcinoma prostate and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

AR gene. AR is a phosphoprotein that mediates the action of testosterone and 5-α-dihydro-testosterone (DHT) through the mechanism of action of AR as a transcription factor. AR functions in the growth and differentiation of male urogenital structures. Under abnormal conditions, the mechanism of this AR pathway undergoes changes in the development and progression of prostate lesions, both benign and malignant. 7,10 Several researchers triedcontributes to assess the relationship between AR expression and therapeutic outcomes. Although in the end, several studies gave different results. Research conducted by Li et al. reported that high AR expression was associated with disease proliferation. AR expression was also stated to be related to the Gleason score because an increase in AR occurred in invasive prostate cancer cells. This is also supported by research conducted by Brendler et al., which states that there is a relationship between the degree of cancer and the number of cells that are positive for AR expression. However, several previous studies stated differently that there was no relationship between the degree of cancer and the amount of AR expressed. [11][12][13] Research at the RSCM in 2019 found that AR expression in stromal cell nuclei in prostate hyperplasia was higher than in prostate adenocarcinoma. An increase in the Gleason score tends to be followed by a decrease in the intensity of AR expression. 1 The aim of this research is to analyse the comparison of AR expression in benign prostate hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma prostate.

Methods
The design of this research is an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. The samples are 18

Results
An analytical study with a cross-sectional design to

Differences in AR (androgen receptor) expression in adenocarcinoma prostate and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) based on Allred score
The results of this study showed that the group of cases of prostate adenocarcinoma had positive AR expression in as many as 18 samples (90%), while in the group of cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) it was found that all preparations had positive AR expression. However, statistical analysis showed that there was no difference in AR expression between prostate adenocarcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients.   The results of this study showed the distribution of adenocarcinoma prostate with Gleason Score in group 5 (score 9-10), as shown in the following table:

Discussion
The prevalence of BPH was found to be 70% in those aged between 60 and 69 years and more than 80% in those aged over 70 years. 14  The assessment of AR expression in this study was carried out using the Allred 19 scoring system, which was to add up the scores of the polished area (P) with a score range of 0 to 3; and intensity (I) of coloring with a score range of 0 to 3, then AR expressions were divided into two groups, namely negative expressions if the total score was 0 -2 and positive expressions if the scores were 3 -6. The prostate cancer grading system used today was introduced by Dr. Donald Gleason in 1966-1974.
There are two aspects of the assessment of the Gleason system, namely, the glandular architectural pattern.
The resulting grade is taken from the calculation of the two most common glandular architectural patterns.
The primary and secondary architectural patterns range from 1 to 5. If the tumor has only one histologic pattern, then the primary and secondary patterns are in equal numbers, then the mean Gleason score ranges from 2 (1+1) to 10 (5+5). 8 In this study, the Gleason score ranged from 9 to 10. There was a negative correlation between the Gleason score and AR expression, which means that the higher the Gleason score (severe), the lower the AR expression, but the relationship between the two variables is weak and not significant.

Conclusion
There are no differences in the expression of AR between the case of adenocarcinoma prostate and benign prostatic hyperplasia.